LONG LIFESPAN FOR CREW MEMBERS
Abstract
Telomeres
DNA-protein and Telomerase enzyme play one the main roles in the regulation of
the lifespan of human cells, and the Arrhenius equation describe the mechanist
for inhibiting malignant enzymatic at cryonics environment, so, it will be
possible to extend, in several times, the lifespan of the crew members of a
specific exploring mission.
Background
In order to reach some of the
far distant discovered planet, legal and clinical regulation of the lifespan of
the astronaut human cells is a must. Under the current human lifespan it is
virtually impossible to conduct real and practical space exploration because of
the natural aging of the crew members. At the same time, prolonged manned
mission to other planets require both technical and clinical structures in
order to preserve, maintain, avoid and correct mental and physical diseases of
each member.
Since, first, Telomeres
DNA-protein and Telomerase enzyme play one the main roles in the regulation of
the lifespan of human cells, and second, the Arrhenius equation describe the
mechanist for inhibiting malignant chemical reaction (wrong metabolic processes
and tissue injury), knowing the activation energy of such a lethal processes,
it will be possible to extend, in several times, the lifespan of the crew
members of a specific exploring mission. Thus, during the space travel –of
decades or centuries- members should study, with no restriction, every area of
science or the knowledge, increasing the Human Wisdom.
Challenge
Description
Develop both telomerase
activators and inhibitors, and equipment for hypothermic protection from
ischemic injury to subzero temperatures in order:
a).- to maintain the length of
telomeres for replicative immortality of human cells.
b).- to inhibit the specificity
of high telomerase expression in malignant cells of essentially all types (such
as cancer stem cells).
c).- to conduct cryonics procedures to avoid and
restore all types of human tissue of the crew members.
d).- to obtain legal
authorization and an accepted legal framework in order to start in human being
the above described procedures.
Functional
Specifications
Desirable features of both
activators and inhibitors of Telomerase, and characteristics of cryonics equipments:
·
Maintain chromosomal integrity, prevent its end-to-end
fusion, degradation and inappropriate recombination
·
Telomerase activators must only express telomerase in
normal and health human cells and avoid telomerase expression and expand
long-term any malignant or cancer cells
·
Telomerase inhibitors must either block the catalytic
activity of the enzyme or the access of Telomerase to the health human cells’
telomeres.
·
Evaluate the current variety of classes of telomerase
inhibitors
·
Preclinical and clinical data of both activators and
inhibitors of Telomerase
·
For cryonics subjects cooled with convection it is
needed fast fluid motion and high thermal conductivity in Newton`s Law Cooling
devices in order to increase “h”, a
variable which is dependent upon the rate of fluid motion as well as the
thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the cooling medium.
·
For each body enzymatic or chemical reaction it is
needed to determinate with high precision both the Activation Energy (E) and
the Frequency Factor (A) that relates frequency of molecular collisions and the
probability of that collision are favorably oriented for such an enzymatic
reaction.
Ideas to consider for the
necessity of maintaining Telomeres for replicative immortality:
·
Know how of the current technologies both in
Telomerase investigations and cryogenic techniques for human being
applications.
·
Current international legal framework and possibility
of proposition –by private companies- of a legal well structured procedure in
order to conduct experiments in human being.
·
Mechanism and current investigation to reduce the
cryoprotectant toxicity.
·
Cooling process to a temperature below -120 ºC for
repairing tissues, curing of diseases and rejuvenating of cryonic subjects.
Other considerations:
·
Relation between Apoptosis and high number of
mitochondria in human cells.
·
Diminishing intracellular mitochondria concentration
and Ketogenic Diet.
·
Glucogenic processes and low sugar in brain and
tissues
·
Special legislation and legal framework for frontier
medicine and science.
References
[1] “Scientific Justification
of Cryonic Practice”. Benjamin P. Best; Rejuvenation Research; Vol. 11, Number
2, 2008
[2] “Natural Causes:
Untangling the Mysteries of Aging”, by Hudson Lockett. Texas Reporting. June 25th,
2010
[3] “Imetelstat
(GRN163L)-Telomerase-Base Cancer Therapy”, Alexander Röth et al, Essen,
University of Duisberg Essen, Germany. U.M. Martens, Small Molecules in
Oncology, Recent Result in Cancer Research. 2010.
[4] “Telomerase Therapeutics
for Degenerative Diseases”, Calvin B. Harley. Geron Corporation. Current Molecular Medicine. 2005, 5, 29-38. Menlo
Park, CA, 94025, USA.
[5] “Pharmacological intervention strategies for
affecting telomerase activity: Future prospects to treat cancer and
degenerative disease”, I. Tarkanyi; J. Aradi. University of Debrecen. ScienceDirect. Biochemie 90
(2008), 156-172. Debrecen 4004, Hungary
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